Little is known about the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and llamas (Lama glama) outside South America. The study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in South American camelids (SAC) in Switzerland, to optimize serological tests for SAC and to identify risk factors, which may favour infection.
METHODS
A total of 571 sera from 132 Swiss farms (374 alpacas and 197 llamas, mean 4.3 animals/farm) were obtained. Four commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for detecting antibodies against T. gondii (ID Screen® Toxoplasmosis Indirect (TOXO-MS)) or N. caninum (i.e. ID Screen® Neospora caninum Indirect Multi-species (NCS-MS); ID Screen® Neospora caninum Competition (NCC) and ID Screen® Neospora caninum Indirect (NCS)) were first assessed for their use on SAC comparing their results with those in immunoblot, and optimizing cut-offs. Subsequently, two kits (TOXO-MS and NCS-MS) were selected for seroprevalence estimation. Additionally, a risk factor analysis for infection was performed on 41 farms, which agreed to participate in a web-based survey.
NLg919 |
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| 20-abx182602 | Abbexa |
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NLG919 |
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| A4373-10 | ApexBio | 10 mg | EUR 84 |
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Description: Metabolism|IDO |
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NLG919 |
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| A4373-5.1 | ApexBio | 10 mM (in 1mL DMSO) | EUR 92 |
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Description: Metabolism|IDO |
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NLG919 |
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| A4373-50 | ApexBio | 50 mg | EUR 304 |
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Description: Metabolism|IDO |
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NLG919 |
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| abx283052-100g | Abbexa | 100 µg | Ask for price |
NLG919 |
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| abx283052-20g | Abbexa | 20 µg | EUR 131.25 |
NLG919 |
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| abx283052-50g | Abbexa | 50 µg | EUR 312.5 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS132597-100mg | MyBiosource | 100mg | EUR 1065 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS132597-500mg | MyBiosource | 500mg | EUR 2775 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS576765-10mg | MyBiosource | 10mg | EUR 180 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS576765-25mg | MyBiosource | 25mg | EUR 220 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS576765-2mg | MyBiosource | 2mg | EUR 135 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS576765-50mg | MyBiosource | 50mg | EUR 300 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS576765-5mg | MyBiosource | 5mg | EUR 150 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS3601684-100mg | MyBiosource | 100mg | EUR 525 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS3601684-10mg | MyBiosource | 10mg | EUR 240 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS3601684-25mg | MyBiosource | 25mg | EUR 285 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS3601684-50mg | MyBiosource | 50mg | EUR 365 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS3601684-5mg | MyBiosource | 5mg | EUR 215 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS385794-100mg | MyBiosource | 100mg | EUR 545 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS385794-1mLinDMSO | MyBiosource | 1mL(inDMSO) | EUR 170 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS385794-25mg | MyBiosource | 25mg | EUR 270 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS385794-50mg | MyBiosource | 50mg | EUR 330 |
NLG919 |
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| MBS385794-5x100mg | MyBiosource | 5x100mg | EUR 2440 |
NLG919 |
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| N630000 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 50mg | EUR 626 |
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Description: 1402836-58-1 |
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NLG919-d10 |
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| N630002 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 10mg | EUR 224 |
NLG919 (GDC-0919) |
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| 206165 | MedKoo Biosciences | 10.0mg | EUR 150 |
Indoximod (NLG-8189) |
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| B4900-200 | ApexBio | 200 mg | EUR 64 |
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Description: Metabolism|IDO |
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Indoximod (NLG-8189) |
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| B4900-50 | ApexBio | 50 mg | EUR 40 |
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Description: Metabolism|IDO |
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Indoximod (NLG-8189) |
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| MBS579084-200mg | MyBiosource | 200mg | EUR 145 |
Indoximod (NLG-8189) |
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| MBS579084-5x200mg | MyBiosource | 5x200mg | EUR 500 |
Indoximod (NLG-8189) |
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| MBS3840343-100mg | MyBiosource | 100mg | EUR 130 |
Indoximod (NLG-8189) |
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| MBS3840343-500mg | MyBiosource | 500mg | EUR 180 |
Indoximod (NLG-8189) |
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| MBS3840343-5x500mg | MyBiosource | 5x500mg | EUR 810 |
NLG802 |
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| HY-145346 | MedChemExpress | 10 mg | EUR 1028.15 |
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Description: NLG802 is a proagent of indoximod, an orally active indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor. |
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NLG802 |
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| MBS5799945-5mg | MyBiosource | 5(mg | EUR 915 |
NLG802 |
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| MBS5799945-5x5mg | MyBiosource | 5x5(mg | EUR 3970 |
NLG802 |
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| T39476-10mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 10mg | Ask for price |
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Description: NLG802 |
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NLG802 |
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| T39476-1g | TargetMol Chemicals | 1g | Ask for price |
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Description: NLG802 |
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NLG802 |
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| T39476-1mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 1mg | Ask for price |
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Description: NLG802 |
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NLG802 |
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| T39476-50mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 50mg | Ask for price |
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Description: NLG802 |
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NLG802 |
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| T39476-5mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 5mg | Ask for price |
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Description: NLG802 |
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nlg-1 Antibody |
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| CSB-PA895481XA01CXY-02mg | Cusabio | 0.2mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans nlg-1 protein |
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nlg-1 Antibody |
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| CSB-PA895481XA01CXY-10mg | Cusabio | 10mg | Ask for price |
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Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans nlg-1 protein |
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Nlg4 Antibody |
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| MBS9458516-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | EUR 245 |
Nlg4 Antibody |
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| MBS9458516-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 305 |
Nlg4 Antibody |
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| MBS9458516-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 1230 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458522-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | EUR 245 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458522-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 305 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458522-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 1230 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458523-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | EUR 245 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458523-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 305 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458523-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 1230 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458524-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | EUR 245 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458524-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 305 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458524-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 1230 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458537-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | EUR 245 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458537-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 305 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458537-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 1230 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458538-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | EUR 245 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458538-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 305 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458538-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 1230 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458539-005mL | MyBiosource | 0.05mL | EUR 245 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458539-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 305 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| MBS9458539-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 1230 |
Nlg4 Antibody |
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| SAB376 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 319 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| SAB382 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 319 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| SAB383 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 319 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| SAB384 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 319 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| SAB409 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 319 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| SAB410 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 319 |
Nlg2 Antibody |
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| SAB411 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 319 |
Rabbit Anti-Human Filtrin/NLG1 IgG #1, aff pure |
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| NLG11-A | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ug | EUR 578.4 |
Nlgn2/ Rat Nlgn2 ELISA Kit |
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| ELI-46170r | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 1063.2 |
Nlgn1/ Rat Nlgn1 ELISA Kit |
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| ELI-20702r | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 1063.2 |
Human Filtrin/NLG1 Control/blocking peptide #1 |
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| NLG11-P | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ug | EUR 196.8 |
Recombinant Caenorhabditis Elegans nlg-1 Protein (aa 18-798) |
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| VAng-Ly3572-inquire | Creative Biolabs | inquire | Ask for price |
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Description: Caenorhabditis Elegans neuroligin-1 (nlg-1), partial, recombination protein. |
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Nlgn3 (untagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3), (10 ug) |
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| RN213549 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn1 (untagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1), (10 ug) |
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| RN200719 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn2 (untagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), (10 ug) |
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| RN210792 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Rabbit anti-Caenorhabditis elegans nlg-1 Polyclonal Antibody |
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| MBS9015079-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
NLGN2 (untagged)-Human neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) |
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| SC314795 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN1 (untagged)-Human neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) |
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| SC127261 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN1 (untagged)-Human neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) |
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| SC324313 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans Neuroligin-1 (nlg-1), partial |
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| MBS1418058-INQUIRE | MyBiosource | INQUIRE | Ask for price |
NLGN2 (GFP-tagged) - Human neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) |
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| RG222544 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN1 (GFP-tagged) - Human neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) |
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| RG207524 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn3 (untagged) - Mouse neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3), (10ug) |
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| MC221904 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn2 (untagged) - Mouse neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), (10ug) |
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| MC221962 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn3 (GFP-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3), (10ug) |
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| MG222086 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn2 (GFP-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), (10ug) |
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| MG222168 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn1 (Myc-DDK-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1), (10 ug) |
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| RR200719 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn3 (Myc-DDK-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3), (10 ug) |
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| RR213549 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn2 (Myc-DDK-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), (10 ug) |
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| RR210792 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn2 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2) |
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| MR222168 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Nlgn3 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3) |
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| MR222086 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN1 (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) |
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| RC207524 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN2 (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) |
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| RC222544 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (AP) |
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| MBS6325697-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (AP) |
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| MBS6325697-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (PE) |
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| MBS6325707-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (PE) |
|||
| MBS6325707-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) |
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| MBS6004616-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2(mL | EUR 695 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) |
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| MBS6004616-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | EUR 2975 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (APC) |
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| MBS6325698-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (APC) |
|||
| MBS6325698-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (FITC) |
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| MBS6325700-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (FITC) |
|||
| MBS6325700-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | EUR 4250 |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn1 (mGFP-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1), (10 ug) |
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| RR200719L4 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn3 (mGFP-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3), (10 ug) |
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| RR213549L4 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn2 (mGFP-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), (10 ug) |
|||
| RR210792L4 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6325699-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (Biotin) |
|||
| MBS6325699-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | EUR 4250 |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn2 (mGFP-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2) |
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| MR222168L4 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn3 (mGFP-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3) |
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| MR222086L4 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn1 (Myc-DDK-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1), (10 ug) |
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| RR200719L3 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn3 (Myc-DDK-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3), (10 ug) |
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| RR213549L3 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn2 (Myc-DDK-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), (10 ug) |
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| RR210792L3 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (Azide free) (HRP) |
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| MBS6325701-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (Azide free) (HRP) |
|||
| MBS6325701-5x02mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.2mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 405) |
|||
| MBS6325702-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 405) |
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| MBS6325702-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 490) |
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| MBS6325703-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 490) |
|||
| MBS6325703-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 550) |
|||
| MBS6325704-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 550) |
|||
| MBS6325704-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 650) |
|||
| MBS6325705-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 650) |
|||
| MBS6325705-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4250 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 750) |
|||
| MBS6325706-01mL | MyBiosource | 0.1mL | EUR 980 |
NLGN4Y, NT (NLGN4Y, KIAA0951, Neuroligin-4, Y-linked) (MaxLight 750) |
|||
| MBS6325706-5x01mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mL | EUR 4250 |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn2 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2) |
|||
| MR222168L3 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF clone of Nlgn3 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3) |
|||
| MR222086L3 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti-ORF clone of NLGN2 (mGFP-tagged)-Human neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) |
|||
| RC222544L2 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti-ORF clone of NLGN2 (mGFP-tagged)-Human neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) |
|||
| RC222544L4 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Kirrel2, Recombinant, Mouse (Kin of Irregular Chiasm-1-Like 2, Nephrin-like 3, NEPH, Nephrin-like Gene 1, NLG1) |
|||
| MBS637610-005mg | MyBiosource | 0.05mg | EUR 830 |
Kirrel2, Recombinant, Mouse (Kin of Irregular Chiasm-1-Like 2, Nephrin-like 3, NEPH, Nephrin-like Gene 1, NLG1) |
|||
| MBS637610-5x005mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.05mg | EUR 3590 |
NLGN1 |
|||
| CSB-CL839786HU | Cusabio | 10 μg plasmid + 200μl Glycerol | Ask for price |
NLGN3 |
|||
| CSB-CL873703HU | Cusabio | 10 μg plasmid + 200μl Glycerol | Ask for price |
NLGN1 |
|||
| MBS8560781-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | EUR 565 |
NLGN1 |
|||
| MBS8560781-01mLAF405S | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405S) | EUR 565 |
NLGN1 |
|||
| MBS8560781-01mLAF610 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF610) | EUR 565 |
NLGN1 |
|||
| MBS8560781-01mLAF635 | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF635) | EUR 565 |
NLGN1 |
|||
| MBS8560781-02mL | MyBiosource | 0.2mL | EUR 345 |
NLGN3 (untagged)-Human neuroligin 3 (NLGN3), transcript variant 2 |
|||
| SC113280 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN3 (untagged)-Human neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) transcript variant 3 |
|||
| SC329144 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN3 (untagged)-Human neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) transcript variant 1 |
|||
| SC329177 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF particles, Nlgn1 (GFP-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1), 200ul, >10^7 TU/mL |
|||
| RR200719L4V | Origene Technologies GmbH | 200 µl | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF particles, Nlgn3 (GFP-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 3 (Nlgn3), 200ul, >10^7 TU/mL |
|||
| RR213549L4V | Origene Technologies GmbH | 200 µl | Ask for price |
Lenti ORF particles, Nlgn2 (GFP-tagged ORF) - Rat neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), 200ul, >10^7 TU/mL |
|||
| RR210792L4V | Origene Technologies GmbH | 200 µl | Ask for price |
Lenti-ORF clone of NLGN2 (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) |
|||
| RC222544L1 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
Lenti-ORF clone of NLGN2 (Myc-DDK-tagged)-Human neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) |
|||
| RC222544L3 | Origene Technologies GmbH | 10 µg | Ask for price |
NLGN4Y |
|||
| CSB-CL818786HU1 | Cusabio | 10 μg plasmid + 200μl Glycerol | Ask for price |
NLGN4Y |
|||
| CSB-CL818786HU2 | Cusabio | 10 μg plasmid + 200μl Glycerol | Ask for price |
NLGN4X |
|||
| CSB-CL843131HU | Cusabio | 10 μg plasmid + 200μl Glycerol | Ask for price |
NLGN4X |
|||
| MBS8563928-01mLAF405L | MyBiosource | 0.1mL(AF405L) | EUR 565 |
Three kits (TOXO-MS, NCS-MS and NCC) showed almost perfect agreement (kappa > 0.901) with immunoblot results when the cut-offs were optimized, and one kit (NCS) proved not to be useful for detecting N. caninum seropositive SAC. By TOXO-MS ELISA, 82.3% (308/374) of the alpacas and 84.8% (167/197) of the llamas were seropositive for T. gondii, and 131/132 (99.2%) farms had seropositive animals. By NCS-MS ELISA, 3.5% (13/374) of the alpacas and 2.5% (5/197) of the llamas evidenced antibodies against N. caninum, and 9.1% (12/132) of the farms had seropositive animals.
The variables “age” and “female sex” were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection and “absence of cats in the farm during the last two years” as a protective factor. No risk or protective factors for N. caninum infection could be identified.This nationwide cross-sectional study demonstrated for the first time the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum in the Swiss SAC population, highlighting a high seroprevalence for T. gondii, the presence of cats as a risk factor and suggesting that SAC meat might represent an additional infection source for humans.